我国惠农政策的成效评价及完善研究 ———以江西为例

以近5年来江西省惠农政策实施为例,系统分析各项惠农政策的具体实施过程、效果、存在问题及其原因,深入了解地方政府、农村集体、农户对惠农政策的期望,构建我国现阶段惠农政策实施成效评价的指标体系.在惠农政策的方案优化、惠农政策执行力度的强化、惠农政策的监督管理、惠农政策的评估与反馈等方面提出完善的对策与措施.     

Means-end chain analysis explains soil fertility management decisions by peri-urban vegetable growers in Kenya

Past studies of the use of soil fertility management strategies by farmers usually model input use decisions based on the neoclassical utility/profit maximization principle in which farmers use soil fertility management inputs primarily to increase revenues and profits. However, there is, to date, no study that explains exactly how this decision-making process occurs and the role which personal values play in driving the choice of soil fertility management inputs. This article systematically maps the relationship between choice of soil fertility management strategy (attributes), its outcomes (consequences) and the personal values that motivate the choice. It specifically uses the means-end chain approach to construct hierarchical value maps that relate the attributes to consequences, and ultimately to the personal values. The study finds that the use of soil fertility management strategies by peri-urban fresh vegetable growers is driven by five personal values, namely happiness, comfortable life, independence, good/healthy life and achievement of life goals. It also finds that while farmers seek to increase profit (hence incomes), profit maximization is not the end driver of the use of soil fertility management inputs. It concludes that a lot more goes into farmers’ decision-making process relating to the use of soil fertility management practices than can be explained by the neoclassical profit/utility maximization principle. The study discusses the policy implications of these findings.     

Research,development and scaling-up the adoption of fodder shrub innovations in East Africa

Smallholder farmers in developing countries face numerous limitations that hinder them from embracing improved agricultural practices and innovations with great potential for meaningful transformations of livelihoods. Consequently, farmers continue living in vicious cycles of poverty despite decades of government and donor expenditures on poverty alleviation. In the last two decades, research and development organizations collaborated in testing and validating selected fodder shrub species as reliable sources of less expensive and easily available protein feeds. With minimal interventions, the research findings have great potential to improve productivity for many smallholder farmers. Tested species include Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena spp., Chamaecytisus palmensis, Sesbania sesban, Morus alba and Gliricidia sepium. Dissemination and adoption surveys estimated that 205,000 smallholder farmers (40–50 per cent being women) had planted fodder shrubs by 2005. Currently, fodder shrubs contribute US$3.8 million annually to farmers' incomes and estimated potential annual income is US$81 million. Factors associated with success in fodder scaling-up include deliberate involvement of fodder technology champions, collective action in community mobilization and project implementation, pluralistic extension approaches, sustainable germplasm supply systems, broader partnerships and civil society campaigns. Constraints and challenges include: ineffective delivery of extension and research services, inhibitive policies, political interferences, frequent droughts and inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems.     

主动性人格——积极组织行为学新视角

随着积极心理学运动的兴起,积极组织行为学产生并迅速发展。积极组织行为学主要是通过激发和运用员工的积极的优势和心理能力,以促进组织的快速健康发展。在这个背景下,越来越多的研究者开始关注员工的个人主动性这一积极力量,而作为个人主动性的重要心理驱动──主动性人格,由于对工作绩效、职业生涯成功、创业、领导力等均有积极的影响,因此,成为积极组织行为学一个新的研究视角。     

家庭个体特征对居民借款行为的影响——来自中国家庭的经验证据

金融市场对于支持和鼓励家庭借款进而刺激家庭消费起着愈发重要的作用。作为家庭消费金融意识的重要体现,居民借款行为正在受到更多的关注。本文认为居民家庭借款行为包含两层含义:1.家庭是否有借款;2.家庭借款渠道的选择。利用CFPS调查项目中京沪粤三省市家庭借款行为的微观数据,本文运用Logit模型和Probit模型对影响居民家庭借款行为的家庭个体特征进行了实证分析,解析了不同家庭个体特征对借款行为的影响情况,并得出有关结论与启示。     

城市化对农民收入增长影响的动态计量分析

农民收入的提高关系到整个社会的顺利发展,而城市化是提高农民收入的一个重要途径。通过动态计量模型分析来说明城市化对农民收入增长的影响,即对城市化与农民人均纯收入两个经济变量进行协整分析;对两个经济变量进行格兰杰因果关系检验;在VAR模型的基础上,运用脉冲响应函数来分析两个经济变量之间的关系;在实证结果的基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

林权改革推进中农户林业合作经营的动因

集体林权制度改革后,小农户与大市场之间的矛盾,是我国林业发展的一个突出矛盾。要解决这一矛盾,提升农户进入市场的能力,需提高分散农户在林业经营中的合作程度。从内外两方面探究了农户林业合作经营需求产生的动因,认为合作需求的产生受农户自身内在驱动因素与外部环境推动因素的共同作用,政府在制定相关扶持政策时应以农户需求为基础,尊重农户意愿。     

对中小企业融资困境及政策性融资行为的调查与思考

中小企业政策性金融是缓解中小企业弱势群体融资难、担保难的特殊制度安排。在对河南中小企业融资现状、融资困境成因及政策性融资行为调查研究的基础上,提出构建以中小企业政策性银行为核心、以中小企业信用担保机构为基本手段、以中小企业发展基金为必要补充,以中小企业融资服务机构为信息保障的中小企业政策性金融体系。     

结构方程模型在我国服装领域的应用综述

对国内CNKI期刊网上发表的服装领域结构方程模型的应用研究文献进行了梳理。在阐释结构方程模型基本原理的基础上,着重从服装消费者感知行为,服装企业角度对结构方程模型在服装领域上的应用主题、研究方法等进行了综述,并对前景进行展望,目前国内将结构方程模型应用在服装领域内的研究较少,但应用空间巨大。     

User costs and bubbles in land markets

In asset markets with speculative behavior, the long-run equilibrium relationship between asset prices and the discounted flow of future rents may become invalid. We distinguish short-term user costs and longer-term user costs with variables that reflect fundamentals. We show how to work around the empirical problem of measuring speculative expectations about asset price changes and derive a simple user cost formula where the asset price change in the short-term relationship comes out as the long-run change in the overall price level.